The landscape of self-directed learning in mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) is changing from mechanical and repetitive to communicative and mean- ingful learning. This is due to the development and integration of conversational agents into mobile devices. Students can learn a language via a self-directed inter- active app (SIA) where they can experience oral and textual two-way …
Amid an era of rapid globalization and technological advancement, translation technologies stand as valuable assets for college students to enhance accuracy and efficiency in the translation process. However, the adoption and acceptance of these technologies are contingent on several psychological factors, which are underexplored in the academic field. This study, populated by a cohort of …